El español de la biomedicina: el nexo entre el origen y sus características / The Spanish of biomedicine: the nexus between the origin and its characteristics

El lenguaje especializado de la medicina tiene una fuerte presencia del griego, que se explica por varios factores. Por un lado, los médicos griegos desarrollaron un verdadero lenguaje científico que, en parte, pervive en el lenguaje médico actual; algunas palabras fueron transmitidas por mantenerse en uso sin interrupción y otras palabras se incorporaron de nuevo en el Renacimiento al vocabulario médico, cuando los textos médicos griegos antiguos circularon en extensión y calidad gracias a la imprenta y a sus traducciones latinas. Por otro lado, el lenguaje médico antiguo sirvió de modelo para desarrollar neologismos, que incorporó el vocabulario médico del siglo XVIII en adelante, cuando se abandonaron definitivamente las teorías galénicas. Una de las características lingüísticas de ese vocabulario es la marcada presencia de palabras compuestas, característica que comparte con el lenguaje médico de la Antigüedad. Los elementos léxicos de origen griego fueron utilizados de forma preferente para crear esos nuevos compuestos, lo que de nuevo incidió en la presencia del griego en el léxico médico especializado

The specialized language of medicine has a strong presence of Greek language. It is explained by several factors. On the one hand, ancient Greek doctors developed a true scientific language which partly survives in the current medical language; some ancient words remained in use without interruption; other words were incorporated back into medical vocabulary in Renaissance when the ancient Greek medical texts were available and were circulated with great quality through printing and Latin translations. On the other hand, the ancient medical language served as a model to develop neologisms that were incorporated in the medical vocabulary of the eighteenth century onwards when the medical theories of Galen were finally abandoned. One of the linguistic characteristics of that vocabulary is the strong presence of compound words, feature it shares with the medical language of antiquity. Lexical elements of Greek origin were used in preference to create these new compounds and so the presence of Greek language in the specialized medical lexicon was emphasized

Compreendendo a psicopatologia do transtorno dismórfico corporal de pacientes de cirurgia plástica: resumo da literatura / Understanding the psychopathology of body dysmorphic disorder in cosmetic surgery patients: a literature review

INTRODUÇÃO: Indivíduos com Transtorno Dismórfico Corporal (TDC) buscam a cirurgia estética para corrigir um defeito percebido. A prevalência de TDC entre pacientes de cirurgia plástica varia de 6% a 24%, podendo chegar a 53%. Recentemente, estudos foram realizados para identificar a fisiopatologia dos sintomas de TDC através de neuroimagem, assim como a relação entre TDC e outros transtornos (por exemplo, transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo, anorexia nervosa, ansiedade social, e transtorno de somatização), e para distinguir convicções delirantes de não-delirantes como uma expressão de um único transtorno mental com diferentes níveis de gravidade. Entretanto, estudos retrospectivos sugerem que pacientes com TDC não se beneficiam com cirurgia plástica. O objetivo deste artigo foi fornecer uma visão geral da pesquisa atual sobre TDC e identificar características psicopatológicas do TDC em pacientes de cirurgia plástica. MÉTODO: Realizou-se uma busca nas bases de dados PubMed e Embase cruzando as palavas-chave "cirurgia plástica" "cirurgia estética" e "transtorno dismórfico corporal". RESULTADOS: A prevalência de TDC é alta entre pacientes de cirurgia plástica. Não há estudos prospectivos sobre o impacto da cirurgia plástica em pacientes com TDC. CONCLUSÃO: TDC precisa ser adequadamente identificado na seleção de pacientes para cirurgia plástica a fim de otimizar a gestão de atendimento e a qualidade de vida de pacientes com TDC.

INTRODUCTION: Individuals with Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) may seek cosmetic surgery to correct a perceived defect. BDD prevalences ranging from 6% to 24% and up to 53% have been reported among cosmetic surgery patients. Recent studies have been conducted to identify the pathophysiology of BDD symptoms using neuroimaging, as well as the relationship of BDD to other disorders (e.g., obsessive-compulsive disorder, anorexia nervosa, social anxiety, and somatization disorder), and means to distinguish delusional from non-delusional beliefs as an expression of a single mental disorder at different severity levels. Retrospective studies have however suggested that BDD patients do not benefit from cosmetic surgery. This paper aimed at providing an overview of the current research on BDD and identifying psychopathological characteristics of BDD in cosmetic surgery patients. METHODS: The PubMed and Embase databases were searched by crossing the keywords "plastic surgery", "aesthetic surgery" and "body dysmorphic disorder". RESULTS: The prevalence of BDD was high among cosmetic surgery patients. No prospective studies were found on the impact of cosmetic surgery on BDD patients. CONCLUSION: BDD needs to be adequately assessed during patient selection for cosmetic surgery to optimize the quality of care provided and the quality of life of patients with BDD.

Descriptores versus palabras clave sobre nutrición: aportación a la correcta indización / Medical subject healding versus keywords on nutrition: contribution for a correct indexing

Se examinan las Palabras Clave utilizadas en los artículos de las revistas especializadas en nutrición indizadas en la Scientific Electronic Library Online (Red SciELO) y determinar su relación con los Descriptores de Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS). Análisis bibliométrico de las Palabras Clave (PC) asignadas para identificar a los artículos publicados entre 2001 y 2007, en las revistas: Anales Venezolanos de Nutrición, Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición, Nutrición Hospitalaria, Revista Chilena de Nutrición y Revista de Nutriçâo, comprobando si las mismas se corresponden con los DeCS de OPS/BIREME. Se realizó análisis descriptivo de las PC utilizadas y se analizó la existencia de tendencia lineal entre variables cualitativas mediante la prueba de la X² (“Chi-cuadrado”). La comparación de las medias entre más de 2 grupos para una variable cuantitativa se realizó con el análisis de la varianza (ANOVA) por el método de Bonferroni. En los artículos estudiados se contabilizaron 3093 diferentes PC, coincidiendo 988 (31,94%) con Descriptores. Se utilizaron un total de 6530 veces, relacionándose en 3468 ocasiones (53,11%) con DeSC, al haberse usado mayor número de veces aquellas PC que si coinciden. La evolución de las PC adecuadas durante los años analizados, muestra una ligera tendencia positiva, al igual que el porcentaje de artículos, en los cuales todas sus PC coinciden con los DeCS. Sólo un tercio de las PC (31,94%) coinciden con los DeCS, por tanto es necesario insistir en la importancia de las PC para acceder de una manera eficiente a la literatura biomédica.

The correspondence between the keywords and the Medical Subject Headings (DeCS) is essential to index the scientific article at the bibliographic data bases. The importance is higher when we are trying to recover documents. The aim of the study was to analyse the kw used in the articles of the nutritional reviews indexed at the Scientific Electronic Library Online (Red SciELO) and to determine its relation with DeCS. Bibliometrical analyse of the KW in published articles between 2001 and 2007 at the reviews: Anales Venezolanos de Nutrición, Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición, Nutrición Hospitalaria, Revista Chilena de Nutrición y Revista de Nutriçâo. Checking if the reviews have a correspondence with the Medical Subject Headings (DeCS) of OPS/BIREME. Descriptive analysis of the used PC was made, the analysis of the existence of linear trend between qualitative variables was performed with the X² (“chi-square” test). To compare the means between more than 2 groups for quantitative variables the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used with the Bonferroni method. In the studied articles we cancount 3093 different KW matching 988 (31,94%) with Descriptors. KW have been used 6530 times being relatedin 3468 times (53,11%) with DeSC. This is due to the KW matched have been used the greatest number of times.The evolution of the appropriate PC during the analyzed years as well as the percentage of articles that contains all the KW matching with DeCS shows a slight positive tendency. Only one third of the KW (31,94%) related to DeCS have been corrected. It is necessary to insist in the importance of the KW to access efficiently to the biomedical literature.